Saturday, August 27, 2005

Designing usable forms: the three-layer model of the form

A detailed article on form usability ...

"Why do people say "I'm not good with forms" or "I don't like forms" when a form is only a piece of paper, or a screen, with some printing on it?There must be something special about forms that inspires these comments.

The "three-layer model" considers forms from three points of view: perceptual (layout), conversational (questions and answers) and relationship (the structure of the task).

Analysing a form using the three layers helps to unpick its problems, and to suggest ways of making it more usable."   continued ...   (Via uiGarden)

one-layer-form.jpg - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Is this a form or not?

Semi-structured meta-data has a posse: A response to Gene Smith

An excellent article on tagging as a superior classification scheme ...

"I’m starting to work my way back to the tagging debate, and want to start with Gene Smith’s post from last spring at Atomiq: Market Populism in the Folksonomies Debate. Smith regards Ontology is Overrated with some skepticism, concluding that I am overstating the case for effect. He is instead trying to carve out a more reasonable position, arguing for the usefulness of tags in some limited number of cases, and peaceful coexistence with other sorts of classification schemes.

I, on the other hand, am of the unreasonable view that classification schemes are going to be largely displaced by tagging for the same reasons that search has largely displaced directories for finding things, namely that distributed intelligence, for all its faults, tends to beat the work of a professional class when dealing with large, dynamic systems.

Gene’s label for this view is market populism, which seems to me to be a misreading of what is at work here. Tagging is not a populist technology but a libertarian one — it is precisely because the populace does not need to come to a consensus that tagging better expresses both the fluidity and polyvalence of meaning than formal classification systems do. If tagging were populist, it would have all the disadvantages of classification schemes, because it is the very requirement of forced convergence on an agreed-upon set of metadata that causes the problems with classification in the first place."   continued ...   (Via You're It!)

Periodic Chart - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

A traditional classification scheme.

Which Sex is Your Web Site?

I wonder what the effect of a male vs. female designed site is on the User? ...

"To identify the sex characteristics of Web sites, Moss, Gunn and Heller evaluated 60 Web sites, half designed by women and half by men across 24 characteristics. They identified 12 characteristics that robustly differentiated those designed by males from those designed by females.

Most saliently, they reported that:

Based on their statistical analysis, female Web sites:
- contain links to fewer sites
- use more informal language
- use more abbreviations
- show a greater tendency toward self-denigration
- tend to use more non-expert language

With respect to visual presentation, female sites:
- tend to use rounded rather than straight shapes
- tend to avoid horizontal layouts
- use more informal typography
- contain more colors (particularly white, yellow, pink and mauve)
- tend to contain more pictures of women

In contrast, male Web sites use more crests and contain more pictures of men."   continued ...   (Via Context Rules Marketing)

Pink Website - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Is this a "female" designed site?

Paper prototyping for fun and profit

Paper prototyping for an Open Usability project called GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) ...

"More than four weeks have gone by already, but I haven’t found time until now to finish writing about the fun we had at one of the fortnightly meetings of the local open source usability group over here in Berlin. We got introduced to the concept of paper prototyping. A simple concept that works impressingly well. All you need is some paper, a pen, a scissor and users.

The idea is to let the user design the user interface. Users will probably not come up with the best possible UI, more likely they will not even come up with a good UI. But watching a user doing the design gives you a very good idea of what the user expects from the user interface.

We picked one of us to be the user. You should of course use a real user, preferably repeat the whole procedure on a few of them. The user is presented with the tasks, one after another, and is asked to describe the user interface she would expect to perform the given task. Here’s where the paper comes into play."   continued ...   (Via svenfoo)

Paper Prototyping - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

An Open Usability paper prototype for GIMP.

Why input devices suck

A well written description of the problems with input devices from QWERTY keyboards to speech recognition ...

"What's wrong with QWERTY is more subtle. It was designed for a desk-mounted machine that would be operated two-handed by a typist. Old manual typewriters involved lots of arm-waving and muscle contractions to run the carriage back over, insert paper, remove paper, and so on. It was all good exercise, back in the day. Modern computer keyboards don't. So we sit for long periods in a fixed position while our fingers clatter like crazy and we seize up like rusty pieces of machinery. Worse: because QWERTY takes a while to learn, it has achieved institutional inertia -- it blocks out alternative input methods. And because it's designed for two-handed typing it makes using a mouse, or a PDA, kind of a drag. What are we supposed to do, grow another arm?

Now we get into the horrible alternatives the computer industry has tried to inflict on us ...

First and worst are all the virtual QWERTY layouts. These are what you get when a programmer with no idea about ergonomics and a short deadline tries to come up with a way to let punters get data into a computing device without a physical QWERTY keyboard. You get a picture of a QWERTY keyboard on-screen to peck at with the mouse or a stylus. In extreme cases you get a little laser doohickey the size of a cigarette packet that projects a picture of a QWERTY keyboard onto whatever's in front of it -- a tray table, a sleeping cat, your neighbour's lap -- and monitors where your fingers block the light."   continued ...   (Via Charlie's Diary)

QWERTY Keyboard - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Hook it up to a PDA.

Friday, August 26, 2005

Your Technology is in my Experience

To start, it is the technology. In the end, it is the experience ...

"It's interesting seeing the web 2.0 discussion bifurcate. The technologists seem to feel that "Web 2.0 is about making websites machine readable so that content can squirt seamlessly between unrelated sites. Technologies like RSS, RESTian APIs, and XHTML/CSS are the core of Web 2.0."

The designers are waking up and saying, "No! It's about the improved experience!"

It feels like the phrase "Web 2.0" is definitely here to stay. And with it, the challenge for designers to make technologists understand that Web 2.0 isn't interesting because it makes "the Internet useful for computers," (as Jeff Bezos said), but that it's interesting because it further empowers *users*. This is the underlying theme to Josh Porter and Richard McManus' recent "Web 2.0 for Designers" piece."   continued ...   (Via peterme)

Web 2.0 - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Experience, experience, experience.

Limit Usability -> 0

Limit Usability - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics


(Via OK/Cancel)

Listen Up: Any Cell Phone Use While Driving Is Risky

We have posted several articles about the danger of using a cell phone while driving. Since it is a cognitive problem, this study shows that even listening to messages while driving is not safe ...

"Listening on your cell phone while driving can be just as risky as talking, a new study finds.

"It seems an intuitive understanding for most people that production [talking] on a cell phone is harder than comprehension [listening]. But the fact is that both result in poor driving performance," said Tate Kubose, a cognitive scientist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and lead author of the study.

The findings appear in the Aug. 25 issue of the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology. Overall, the researchers found that both speaking and listening on the phone reduced the drivers' competence on the road, resulting in slower driving, more trouble staying in the proper lane and/or not keeping a safe distance from the unwieldy car ahead, Kubose said."   continued ...   (Via Forbes)

Cell Phone Driver - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Just listening is not safe.

Open Source Usability: The birth of a movement

Overcoming challenges to Open Source Usability ...

"I first became interested in the usability of open source software (or the lack of it) while still at UC Berkeley around 2000. I did some work (actually my students did the work!). In the process, I also, met others interested in the topic such as Nancy Frishberg. But I was soon convinced that it was a wasted effort - open source developers did not really understand what usability had to offer, and it was difficult for a UX (User Experience) professional to have much impact.

Eugene sees the problem of open source usability as a problem of collaboration. The open source and usability communities have a lot to offer each other, but don't know how to work together. Did I tell you that Eugene's company specializes in promoting collaboration? Personally, I think that its not just a problem of collaboration, there are some structural reasons why open source and usability don't go together. But collaboration is definitely the beginning to a solution."   continued ...   (Via Rashmi Sinha)

Open Source - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Open Source need usability too.

A Strawberry Blond Leading Figure in Usability?

A nice way to handle disagreement and a nice set of references emerged ...

"I'd like to thank Jim Hedge of StepForth Placement for how he handled my criticism of his article. I'm not in the habit of challenging folks, and he took my remarks and turned it into an opportunity for me to share my passion for the user centered design industry.

In the Interview with Kim Krause Berg, he let me point out resources to some of my favorite usability places so that interested web people could locate how-to information.

This brings me to something else. Jim, quite kindly, wrote "Kim Krause Berg, for those unfamiliar with her, is one of the leading usability experts in the United States" in his Expanding on Usability piece. This article is an overview taken of the actual interview (thank goodness, because the interview is long!)."   continued ...   (Via Cre8pc)

Thumbs Up - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Good job handling a challenge.

Poor UI Design, Painful UI Design

An all too familiar story of a very poor User Interface Design ...

"Due to the accident, we've got a rental. A new Dodge Grand Caravan.

The real problem was went I went to release the parking brake. It's the kind where there's a pedal in the floor on the left that you step on to set it. Then there's this little latch in the lower left side of the dash that you pull to release it. So I reached my large (but not unusually large) left hand down, put my fingers behind the release lever and pulled.

WHHHHHaaaaaaaaaaaaaacccccKKKKK!!!! The parking brake pedal came flying up (those things are under a lot of tension) and up and up until it smashed into the knuckles of my fingers, still on the release lever.

That hurts. That bruises. That's painful UI design."   continued ...   (Via Sharpes-R-Us)

Dodge Grand Caravan - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Everything does not work as expected.

Google aims for Web developers' hearts and minds

Will Web applications become a platform to surpass Microsoft OS? ...

"Google is taking a page from Microsoft's well-worn playbook for tech industry domination: Rather than just rolling out new products and features, the search giant is trying to win the hearts and minds of Web developers.

"It doesn't seem like they have to deliver an operating system or a browser. They're doing a pretty good job of co-opting what Microsoft has done and putting Google stickers on it," said Michael Gartenberg, an analyst at Jupiter Research.

Gross said companies, such as eBay, Yahoo and Amazon.com, that treat their Web sites as customizable platforms, offer a starkly different technology vision to developers than traditional software companies do.

"The platform of this decade isn't going to be around controlling hardware resources and rich UI (user interfaces). Nor do I think you're going to be able to charge for the platform per se. Instead, it is going to be around access to community, collaboration and content," Bosworth noted in an entry from last year."   continued ...   (Via CNET)

Google Desktop - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Google Desktop taking over the UX?

Head-Tracking Pointer

Great, but do you need a camera on your head? ...

"The Head-Tracking Pointer provides an inexpensive and easily-used mouse replacement for those unable to use traditional pointing devices. Using only software and any Web-cam, this application allows users to point and click with character-level accuracy by simply aiming their face.

Unlike other head-tracking solutions, the Head-Tracking Pointer does not require special-purpose hardware, head gear, or tracking aids, such as retro-reflective dots. Users train the system by tipping their head left and right. Custom-tracking algorithms provide reliable operation in a wide range of environmental conditions. Head motion is translated into pointer motion by custom filters that provide both high speed for long movements and high accuracy for fine control, without switching modes. All clicking variations are supported, including right clicking, double clicking, and click-and-drag."   continued ...   (Via IBM)

Head Mouse - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Don't sneeze.

Thursday, August 25, 2005

Armed corkscrews and disposable nappies top list of breakthroughs in usable design

Usability comes in many forms ...

"Armed corkscrews and disposable nappies have topped a list of product innovations over the last 20 years which have made everyday tasks easier, according to research by leading user-experience consultancy User Vision. Automated call centres top list of least useful innovations.

The research asked 500 consumers to rate in terms of usefulness a range of everyday products and services developed over the past two decades which have made difficult, inefficient, inconvenient or time-consuming tasks easier. Armed corkscrews and disposable nappies topped the list, followed by TV remote controls, central locking on cars and gas barbecues.

Push button telephones came sixth in the survey, followed by electric screwdrivers, electric toothbrushes, compact broadsheet newspapers and ready-tied bow ties. Other popular usability breakthroughs included self-cleaning ovens, Velcro shoes, hair straighteners and a variety of web-based services including online banking and shopping."   continued ...   (Via User Vision)

Nappies - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Very, very usable.

IA Tools

Several useful tools from The Information Architecture Institute ...

"The Information Architecture Institute's Tools project aims to disseminate new IA tools from the community in order to learn from each other. Below you will find document templates, process map posters and other tools to help you in your practice. The documents have been donated by the community, by people just like you.
  • Usability Toolkit from the Society for Technical Communication
  • Presentations and Sample Deliverables from Adaptive Path
  • Research and Analysis from Information & Design"
   continued ...   (Via AIGA)

Color Chart - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

The Color Project.

Does accessibility encourage discrimination?

An interesting article about accessibility being for the disabled vs. everyone ...

Accessibility should be about giving all people access to information, regardless of any disabilities they might have and regardless of which device they are using to access the information.

Another perspective is given by Derek Featherstone in Accessibility and Availability, where he makes the following definitions:

* accessibility relates to people with disabilities, a human rights issue
* availability relates to interoperability, alternate devices/platforms, a choice issue

Those are probably reasonable definitions of the terms. And most accessibility advocates really want both accessibility and availability. I just cannot understand those who find it OK to implement accessibility at the cost of availability."   continued ...   (Via 456 Berea Street)

Is Your Website Accessible? - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Accessible for all?

MobileHCI 05

7th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services

19 to 22 September 2005, University of Salzburg, Austria

Mobile HCI 05 - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Event sponsors.

Getting IA Done, Part II

Good tips when designing a website ...

"Back in June, I presented my best advice in Getting IA Done, Part I. At the end of the article, I asked Digital Web Magazine readers to send me their favorite tips to publish in Part II. I’ve included most of the submissions in this column. A big thanks goes out to everyone who sent me ideas—you make this column Information Architecture for the People.

Tip #1: Keep Your Eyes on the Content
Tip #2: Think, Design, Draw
Tip #3: We Heart Site Maps
Tip #4: Don’t Reinvent the Wheel
Tip #5: Stay Objective
Tip #6: From Concept to XHTML"   continued ...   (Via Digital Web Magazine)

Database - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Keeping track of Web Pages.

Fly Should Soar with Kids

An intriging new User Interface for kids to say nothing of a new UX ...

"How times have changed. Back when I was growing up in the late 70s and 80s, lots of parents thought Scrabble was all the stimulation children needed to excel in school. Nowadays, adults worry that their kids won't do well unless they own a laptop, a cell phone, and a personal digital assistant (PDA). And soon, perhaps, the Fly pentop computer will be added to that list.

Developed by LeapFrog Enterprises (LF ), a maker of educational toys, the gadget is just what it sounds like: a talking computer hidden within a pen the size of an electric toothbrush. Due to become available at stores like Wal-Mart (WMT ) and Target (TGT ) for $99 in mid-October, the device is aimed at 9- to 14-year-olds. What can they do with the Fly pentop computer? Kids can use it as a calculator, keep a calendar, create and record music, and play complex logic and geography games -- all features I tried and found fun and educational.

The Fly pentop computer is the kid's PDA, if you will, and the fly-est digital toy I've tried lately, for sure. If it came with games for adults, too, I'd buy one for myself."   continued ...   (Via BusinessWeek)

Fly Pentop - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Kids have more fun.

Wednesday, August 24, 2005

Expanding on Usability

An interesting discussion about an article by Jim Hedger ...

"Two weeks ago, I used this space to write about the importance of usability in website design. The article was supposed to act as a lead-in to a short series of articles on the basics of search engine optimization and as a gentle suggestion for webmasters concerned with converting visitors into buyers. As it turned out, the article was long on style but short on substance, a fact that was quickly pointed out by Kim Krause Berg in a blog entry entitled, " Don't Tell Me I Need Usability Without Explaining How ". Kim Krause Berg, for those unfamiliar with her, is one of the leading usability experts in the United States .

To quote Kim's post, "This article, by StepForth Placement's Jim Hedger, is getting a lot of exposure - Website Usability Leads to Conversions , though its another one of those articles that says, essentially, "You have to make your web site more usable but I'm not going to give you the exact details on how to do this.""   continued ...   (Via ISEDB.com)

Thumbs Down - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

A thumbs down rebuttal.

Can user interface design be agile?

How Agile Development can translate into Agile UI ...

"One of the challenges in UI development is translating a user goal into an intuitive interface that's fun to use. I say that because sometimes software that's easy to use initially, isn't particularly fun to use after you become familiar with it. All of those helpful, cheery animated paper clips and wizards that helped you get started suddenly become like fingernails on a chalkboard. SCREEEEEEECH!

So for a typical agile process, you'd work closely with the customer to develop user stories (requirements), then go off and produce something quickly, and touch base with the customer to see what they think.

Here's the problem - this assumes that they are capable of telling you how to adjust the user interface to better meet their goals. Chances are, they are just representative of the end users, and may not even understand what the best interface is for another class of user. Someone is going to have to make UI design decisions, and our customers might not be the best people to do it. Uh oh."   continued ...   (Via Agile Project Planning)

Agile Development - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Applying agile development to User Interface Design.

MasterCard International Announces Winners of Usability Excellence Awards

An instructive site to look at from a usability viewpoint ...

"MasterCard International today announced that A.G. Edwards and BigDates.com are the winners of MasterCard's first Usability Excellence Awards, created to recognize excellence in web-site usability. The MasterCard Usability Services Team, one of the premier user-centered design groups in the United States, evaluated sites submitted by companies across the country.

Winners were chosen from two categories, e-commerce sites and financial sites, based on seven important principles of web usability: navigation, information architecture, accessibility, error prevention and recovery, writing for the web, support and interface design. The e-commerce category included online stores and payment processing organizations, and the financial category included financial-services sites that offer customers online tools or information, such as those sites offering online banking and bill payment.

The web site for brokerage firm A.G. Edwards, the winner of the financial category, was selected because "the site demonstrates extremely consistent navigation throughout," said Jennifer Ruffino, the Certified Usability Analyst who leads the Usability Services Team at MasterCard and headed up the judging of the entries. "No matter where you are in the site, users can find what they're looking for very easily. Buttons, colors and link labels are all used consistently. The site also features a nice balance of content and links."   continued ...   (Via TMC.net)

A.G. Edwards Website - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

And the usability winner is...

DVD-R media with capacity confirmation packaging

Making for a better User Experience ...

"Rather interesting idea from Ricoh -- they're including a little window and graph on the package of their new line of DVD-R media so that you can "see" how much capacity you have left on a disc without having to put it into your PC/recorder.

A trained eye can take a fairly accurate guess, but this is a nice idea for those who may not realize what the different bands of color means on the back of their discs.

Ricoh Corporation will release the industry's first 8x DVD-R media with a "window" for confirming the remaining recording capacity of discs, on the package."   continued ...   (Via TechJapan)

DVD Confirmation Packaging - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

An enhanced UX.

Google launches IM, talk service

As Google rolls-out more products, they are maintaining their historically clean and simple interface ...

"Google takes on AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft with its own instant-messaging program that allows text chat and computer-to-computer voice connections. As you begin, Google Talk primes your contacts list with the people you e-mail most frequently."   continued ...   (Via CNET)

Google Talk - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Applying the K.I.S.S. principle.

Kottke on Web as OS

New OS Interface Designs on the horizon ...

"Jason Kottke has some interesting ideas about the Web as OS.

He thinks the setup will include three pieces:

Browsers (like we have now)
Web apps like Gmail, Flickr, and Yahoo 360 (like we have now)
Local web servers that deliver local content in the same way that we get web content (we don't have these quite yet)

In other words, he's thinking that we'll add APIs (programming interfaces) to our local content that will effectively make it equal to web content, so much so that we might not know where our data is coming from.

If you read Bokardo at least a little bit, you'll recognize the two kinds of interfaces involved. APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) for the content servers (both web and local), and an AIIs (Application Interaction Interfaces) for the browser."   continued ...   (Via Bokardo)

Yahoo 360 - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

A possible new OS interface?

Tuesday, August 23, 2005

Technology eats itself

Unintended consequences of products interfacing with the real world ...

"Designers put a whole lot of work into the technical details of the functioning of their products. Yet the world as we know it is so darn complex, problems can arise easily, especially when your product has to interface with other parts of the built environment.

Back in the mechanical world, another disastrous interface has yet to be overcome is the height of SUV bumpers. Most bumpers (this is changing slowly) on SUVs are higher than the side rail of a passenger car or minivan. When the smaller car is hit in the side by the SUV, the SUV rides over the internal structure of the car and into the passenger area, increasing the chance that the passengers will be killed. I got a graphic demonstration if this when a car I was riding in was hit on the driver's side by a Ford Explorer (circa 1995). The driver was injured much worse than if the two vehicles were of equal height. Looking at the wreck later it was apparent that the SUV had avoided the bottom rail of the car altogether, and crushed the left-side occupants over a foot and a half. A lower bumper would probably have lessened the injuries. Maybe.

We're not going to get into issues of negligence or fault here, but some of these examples illustrate that even when a product is perfect within the scope of its application, there's a whole world of objects out there that can make things go wrong."   continued ...   (Via IDFuel)

Bumpers - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Not interfacing well.

Lessons in listening to customers

Another argument for simple single-function devices ...

"Good Experience reader NH pointed me to a fascinating Wall Street Journal article about Vodafone's attempt to make a simpler cell phone (link is free for a week or so): In Mobile Phones, Older Users Say More is Less.

Vodafone's initiative began two years ago, after the company surveyed 5,000 Europeans about what they wanted from a cellphone. What it heard from consumers aged 35 to 55 shocked executives of the Newbury, England, company. Many in that age range didn't know their cellphone numbers or how to use basic functions. One-third, for example, said they didn't know how to tell when they had received a text message. Some thought the envelope icon that signals a message meant their phone bill had arrived...

Many 35- to 55-year-olds also didn't like going into Vodafone retail stores because the young staff -- average age 24 -- talked in acronyms they couldn't understand. These consumers said they weren't interested in the cameras, Internet browsers and many of the other features that are becoming standard on the latest cellphones. "Our biggest customer segment turned round and said: 'You haven't been listening to us,' " says Guy Laurence, the company's consumer-marketing director. "It was an industry for kids."

This is a brilliant example of customer experience driving change in an organization. Whether you're a designer of phones, a website manager, or the director of a non-profit unrelated to the Web, there are lessons here that you can learn and apply to your work."   continued ...   (Via Good Experience)

Simple Vodafone - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Vodafone simplicity.

Developing a Web Accessibility Business Case for Your Organization

An excellent series of papers on the benefits of accessibility ...

"The Web is an increasingly important resource in many aspects of life: education, employment, government, commerce, health care, recreation, and more. The Web is used for receiving information as well as providing information and interacting with society. Therefore it is essential that the Web be accessible in order to provide equal access and equal opportunity to people with disabilities. An accessible Web also benefits others, including older people with changing abilities due to aging.

There are initial costs for organizations implementing Web accessibility; however, the initial costs are often offset by a full return on investment. In order to be willing to invest the initial costs, many organizations need to understand the social, technical, and financial benefits of Web accessibility and the expectations of the returns throughout the organization. The justification to commit resources to a project is often called a "business case". Business cases usually document an analysis of the project's value in meeting the organization's objectives, the cost-benefit analysis, and the expected outcomes.

This page is the first in a series of five pages covering the business case for Web accessibility. The five pages, called a "resource suite", are designed to help develop a customized business case for Web accessibility for a specific organization. The resource suite presents many different aspects of Web accessibility and includes guidance on incorporating these aspects into a specific organization's business case."   continued ...   (Via W3C.org)

Access Initiative - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Accessibility makes business sense.

Extreme Programming vs. Interaction Design

A cyclical problem between UI and Programming ...

"Kent Beck and Alan Cooper each represent an approach to development and design that aims to create better software. But while there's overlap, there's at least as much difference. In an interview with the two luminaries, Cooper believes that designing all the software up front will save us from the cost of programming.

Naturally, this doesn't gel very well with the notion of constant and complete iterations. Partly because it assumes a price on software development that no longer necessarily is true in all domains. Especially web development with modern tools.

And partly because it assumes that the interaction designers ".. have the capability of visualizing something as complex as the behavior of software while the customer does not. It's our experience that designers, as much as customers, need to see something real in order to produce good designs. Trying to design the whole thing up front is simply too hard and, more importantly, not a beneficial way of developing software.

Getting Real is, in large part, an attempt to take Cooper's notion of design and fit it into XP's iterations. Design needs to be the bridge between customers and programmers, but it also can benefit from being informed throughout the development. Don't attempt to fortune-tell it all upfront."   continued ...   (Via 37signals)

Extreme Programming - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Extreme Program + User Interface Design

The Adolescence of Engineering Psychology

This is from Volume I of a Human Factors Monograph Series. An historical overview of Engineering Psychology and related disciplines ...

"This retrospective account of the emergence of engineering psychologists -- in the military, in academia, in the aviation industry, in troubleshooting system problems, in consulting, and in course setting for civil and military agencies -- is based largely on my recollections and many years of correspondence with others of similar vintage or older.

Engineering psychology is the science of human behavior in the operation of systems. Consequently, engineering psychologists are concerned with anything that affects the performance of system operators -- whether hardware, software, or liveware. They are involved both in the study and application of principles of ergonomic design of equipment and operating procedures and in the scientific selection and training of operators. The goal of ergonomics is to optimize machine design for human operation, and the goal of selection and training is to produce people who get the best performance possible within machine design limitations.

Engineering psychologists are concerned first with the distribution of system functions among people and machines. System functions are identified through the analysis of system operations. Engineering psychologists typically work backward from the goal or desired output of the system to determine the conditions that must be satisfied if the goal is to be achieved. Next, they predict -- on the basis of relevant, validated theory or actual experimentation with simulated systems -- whether the functions associated with each subgoal can be satisfied more reliably and economically with automation or human participation."   continued ...   (Via HFES, Stanley N. Roscoe)

P-47 Cockpit - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Early engineering psychology: WWII P-47 controls and displays.

Monday, August 22, 2005

Designing medicine information for people

A good paper and instructional course for designing medical information with a nice historical overview ...

"Usable and safe medicines need usable medicine information.

Medicines are information-dependent products; without information, medicines are unusable and potentially dangerous. If medicines are to be used safely and appropriately, they must be accompanied by usable information.

This paper introduces you to the methods for designing usable medicine information by showing you how medicine information design has grown out of the traditional crafts, and more recently, out of the design professions. It is an introduction to your training in medicine information design."   continued ...   (Via cria paper)

Bone Markings - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Information transmission had to start somewhere.

Google launches new application service

Some interesting User Interface innovations with this one ...

"Google launched Monday a comprehensive Internet application service.
The Internet search engine is now offering Google Desktop 2, which is available for free as a download and allows users to find information and store their personal files on the same application.

The application is "a personal web assistant that learns about your habits and interests to identify and present web pages, news stories, and photos that it thinks you will be interested in," Marissa Mayer, director of product management for consumer products, said in a news release."   continued ...   (Via PhysOrg)

Google Desktop - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Google Desktop.

Usability In The News Magazine

Just for fun. This new service from Flickr permits you to build a magazine cover. The UI is excellent.

Usability In The News Magazine - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Usability and Acceptance in Small-Screen Information Systems (PDF)

A scholarly paper on small screen Usability in PDF format ...

"The small screen sizes of mobile phones can create problems for users. There is a need for acceptable user interfaces
that enable a better, more maximised use of the limited screen size while still providing high levels of usability. One
method of maximising a limited display area is translucency. To examine the effect of translucency on interface
usability we created a fully functioning simulation of a third generation mobile phone user interface, containing a
translucent menu system. In this study translucency was implemented at 50% alpha, and two menu levels deep.
Objective and subjective aspects of usability and acceptance were gathered. Within the focus of the research the study
yielded interesting findings positively relating translucency to perceived usability and measures of acceptance of small
screen information systems. This paper presents the results of this study, and presents avenues for continuing research
arising from the findings."   continued ...   (Via National University of Ireland)

Influence of Perception - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Effect of transluency on perceived usability.

Consumer products designed with human variations in mind

What they are saying about Usability in the media ...

"The degree of usability of any product design is critical to its functional value and commercial success. To maximize usability, designers carefully consider the possible interactions between the user and the product by applying the principles and lessons of human factors engineering.

The Reach toothbrush is a classic example of a design in which usability considerations led to innovative modifications in a conventional product. The angle of the brush head, the shape of the bristles and the gripping surface on the handle were made to conform to the physical dimensions of the typical user, all based on knowledge of the human mouth and hands and the motions used when brushing. The commercial success of this design led to competition among toothbrush manufacturers that has been beneficial for the public, where each firm continues to seek an advantage in the market by introducing new – and hopefully more effective – design features in its brushes."   continued ...   (Via Journal Gazette)

Reach Toothbrush - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Getting in the tight places.

Sunday, August 21, 2005

Perfect usability - The one-button machine?

Keeping usability simple ...

One of my favourite Dilbert strips (http://www.unitedmedia.com/comics/dilbert/) goes something like:
'I’ve done it! I’ve invented the world’s most usable machine. It only has one button… and we press it before it leaves the factory.'

The nirvana of one-buttonness is here. One-button machines are filling our environment: leading the charge towards the invisible computer. Oddly my life seems to be becoming ever more irritating as a result. How can such simple devices have usability problems? Here are some of my experiences with one-button machines including those 'pressed before I get to them'. No doubt they just show what a dork I am, but wouldn’t it be nice if the design-for-all dream extended to dorks too."   continued ...   (Via Usability News)

Dilbert - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Even Dilbert designs one button machines.

Personas in Technology Product Design

An excellent paper on personas as they relate to product design ...

"People react emotionally to technology. An enthusiastic reaction results in blockbuster success like the iPod; the knack that Steve Jobs has for drawing people to Apple's products explains his success. Unfortunately, reactions of frustration and irritation do not have correspondingly negative commercial consequences, at least not while there are so few choices that aren't frustrating and irritating.

Specifically, the reaction we have to technology is guided by the reaction we would have to another person. Reeves and Nass demonstrated this in The Media Equation. They showed that even people who know how computers work are unable to keep themselves from assigning human traits to computer programs.

This is not surprising. We spend our lives learning how to get along not with technology, but with other people. It is a complex, endlessly fascinating activity that our brains and senses are quite well adapted to. Because of this experience, we can, from just a first impression, and with no effort, fill in all sorts of details and assumptions about someone we just met. Sometimes, this doesn't serve us well and we act on stereotypes and unfair assumptions, but this ability is useful and essential to getting along with strangers and intimates alike."   continued ...   (Via ADDUCIVE)

Instinct - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Instinct - one attribute for a persona.

Usability@90mph

How to demonstrate the value of Usability Testing ...

"This article documents the authors’ attempt to develop a quick, inexpensive, and reliable method for demonstrating user testing to an audience. The resulting method, Usability@90mph, is simple enough to be conducted at minimal expense, fast enough to be completed in only thirty minutes, comprehensible enough to be presented to audiences numbering in the hundreds, and yet sophisticated enough to produce relevant design recommendations, thereby illustrating for the audience the potential value of user testing in general. In this article, the authors present their user testing demonstration method in detail, analyze results from 44 trials of the method in practice, and discuss lessons learned for demonstrating user testing in front of an audience.

This article, therefore, addresses the following research question: Can a high–speed user testing demonstration method be developed that will help audience members understand the value of user testing quickly, yet without sacrificing the inherent "realism" of user testing by relying solely on simulations? To answer this question, the authors developed a new method capable of demonstrating an entire user test from start to finish in 30 minutes, and tested this method by evaluating Web sites in front of large audiences at several different national and international conferences. Developing this method was challenging, as it had to be general enough to reach audience members with varying levels of technical expertise from almost any discipline, yet specific enough to generate relevant and useful (i.e., not simulated) design recommendations that could potentially improve the usability of the interfaces being tested.

The resulting method, which we call Usability@90mph, is simple enough to be conducted at minimal expense, fast enough to be completed in only 30 minutes, comprehensible enough to be presented to audiences numbering in the hundreds, and yet sophisticated enough to produce relevant and useful design recommendations, thereby illustrating for an audience the potential value of user testing in general. Over the past four years, we have tested this method 44 times by demonstrating it to audiences at six different national and international conferences for museum professionals. Each demonstration was conducted on a different museum Web site, and each test resulted in design recommendations that, if implemented, would likely improve the usability of those Web sites (for examples, see Marty and Twidale, 2004). Of greater significance for this article, however, is that the results of our tests clearly indicate that this demonstration method has the potential to introduce diverse audiences to the power, value, and benefits of user testing, quickly, cheaply, and reliably."   continued ...   (Via First Monday)

Speed Limit 90 - User Interface Design, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Ergonomics

Usability the fast way.